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职称英语《清洁类》语法辅导2
非谓语动词也叫非限制动词或动词的非谓语方法。非谓语动词首要包括不定式、动名词和分词(如今分词和曩昔分词),.即动词的非谓语方法除了不能独立作谓语外, 具有动词的有些语法特征,可以承担语句的任何成分。
分词
1. 分词作定语
1) 分词作定语既可以放在所润饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所润饰的词后边,作后置定语。其作用恰当于一个定语从句。例如:
where are the reserved seats? (=where are the seats which have been reserved?)
预定的坐位在哪里?
this is a pressing problem. (=this is a problem which is pressing.)
这是一个急迫的疑问。
2) 分词作后置定语可分为捆绑性(紧跟在所润饰的中心词之后)和非捆绑性(用逗号与其所润饰的中心词分隔)两种,其作用别离恰当于一个捆绑性定语从句和非捆绑性定语从句。例如:
the funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹措的资金首要用来协助那些无家可归的人。
there are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.
有许多学生在等候查看。
this book, written (= which is written) in simple english, is suitable for beginners.
本书是用粗浅的英语写的,合适初专家。
3) 分词常和描述词、副词或名词构成组成描述词作定语。例如:
the flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘必定在等人。
the newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是咱们的作业楼。
4) 有些不及物动词的曩昔分词作定语,并不标明被逼的意思而是标明结束。这类曩昔分词常作前置润饰语。例如:
there are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
the film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部影片描绘的是差人抓逃犯的事。
常用的这一类词有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。
2. 分词作宾语补足语
1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如:
when they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
当他们休假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了。(曩昔分词标明被逼)
2) 在复合宾语中,用如今分词作宾补,阐明宾语是动作的宣告者,构成逻辑上的主谓联络;用曩昔分词作宾补,标明宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾联络。例如:
there was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
因为非常吵嚷,说话人无法让人听到他的声响。
when he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时分发现一位老迈娘正在照看他。
3. 分词作状语
1) 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以标明时刻、缘由、让步、条件、方法或伴随情况。一般可变换成相应的状语从句;标明方法或伴随情况的可以变换成并排句或非捆绑性定语从句。例如:
confined to bed (= because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.
她卧病在床,啥事都需要人服侍。(作缘由状语)
having only book knowledge (= if you only have book knowledge), you will not be
able to work well.
假定只需书本常识,你就不可以能做好作业。(作条件状语)
they stood there waiting for the bus. (=they stood there and waited for the bus.)
他们站在那里等公共轿车。(作方法状语)
2) 如今分词和曩昔分词作状语时的用法比照
不管是如今分词仍是曩昔分词作状语,假定单独作状语,其逻辑主语有必要和主句的主语共同。分词作状语一般可以变换成一个相应的状语从句,假定状语从句中的谓语动词为被逼规划,就用曩昔分词;假定状语从句中的谓语动词为主动规划,就用如今分词。有时为了偏重,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一同作状语,以便使语句的意思更理解、更联接。例如:
working hard (if you work hard), you will succeed.
假定你尽力,你会成功的。
defeated (= though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
尽管他被打败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
4. 分词的独立规划
1) 分词作状语时,要特别留心其逻辑主语有
必要和谓语动词的主语共同。否则,分词有必要有自个的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立规划,或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,标明时刻、缘由、条件等。例如:
the project finished, they had a two weeks' leave.
结束那个方案后,他们休了两周假。主页 1 2 尾页