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英国《金融时报》专栏作家迈克尔?斯卡平克标明，牛津大学出书社的一篇论文称，作用最佳的是那些既培育学生的母语、一起又引入英文教育的学校。
i was in a meeting last week with people from france, germany and the netherlands. the meeting was in english and the conversation was fast, fluent and funny. those present were senior business people, academics and management trainers — and i was struck, as so often, by the level of english required to function at this level.
不久前，我与来自法国、德国和荷兰的人士一同参加了一场会议。会议运用的是英语，整个对话进程快速、顺畅且风趣。在场的都是高档商务人士、专家和打点培训师——我自始自终地感遭到可以在此类会议上正常交流所需的英语水平的重要性。
parents all over the world are struck by it too, which is why many want their children schooled in english. when i interviewed the south african comic trevor noah, now the presenter of the daily show in the us, he told me that his xhosa-speaking mother was determined that he should go to english-language schools from the beginning. she thought it would give him a leg-up.
世界各地的父母们也感遭到了这种的重要性，这也是许多父母期望子孙上英文学校的缘由。我采访过南非喜剧演员特雷弗?诺亚(trevor noah)，其时他告诉我，他讲科萨语的母亲坚决地认为，他从一初步就大约上英文学校。她认为这将对他有所助益。诺亚如今是美国《每日秀》(the daily show)的掌管人。
it worked in his case. as well as being a television star, he now speaks six languages, although he added xhosa only later. but throwing children from non-english speaking families straight into english-only schools is usually a mistake, according to a paper published this week by oxford university press.
这种选择在他身上收效了。诺亚不但变成了电视明星，如今还会讲6种言语，尽管只是后来才掌控科萨语。但牛津大学出书社(oup)不久前宣告的一篇论文闪现，把来自非英语家庭的儿童直接送入全英文学校的做法，一般是差错的。
children who go to english-language schools when it is not their mother tongue often struggle to learn not just the language but their school subjects too. to thrive, it is important that they hold on to their home languages.
上英文学校的母语非英语的儿童，一般不只难以学好英语，也难以学好其他学校类别。为了全部打开，掌控好自个的母语很重要。
this matters not just for those parents, from argentina to south korea, who want to improve their children’s prospects by ensuring they speak english. it has implications for immigrants’ children in english
-speaking countries too, as well as for those english speakers who want their offspring to master a useful language, such as mandarin.
这不只对许多国家（从阿根廷到韩国）的父母联络严峻，他们期望经过保证子孙会讲英语来改进子孙的出息；对日子在英语国家的移民的子孙、以及那些期望子孙掌控一门有用言语（如一般话）的英语人群，也有学习意义。
photo credit: getty images
the oup paper, “the role of the first language in english-medium instruction”, says schools around the world are using several techniques to ensure their students are ready for english-language universities, whether in english-speaking countries or elsewhere, and that they can compete in the global markets of business, science and technology.
牛津大学出书社这篇名为《第一言语在以英语为前言的教育中的人物》(the role of the first language in english-medium instruction)的论文称，世界各地的学校正选用多种方法，保证学生预备好进入用英文教育的大学（不管是英语国家的还对错英语国家的），而且可以在全球商业和科技商场上具有竞赛力。
some governments believe in english-only schooling from the start. nkonko kamwangamalu, linguistics professor at howard university in the us, has written about the large number of countries in africa that do. the results are often poor, with high illiteracy rates, and the schools, in spite of their intentions, produce students with a poor command of english.
一些政府从一初步就笃信全英文教育。美国霍华德大学(howard university)言语学教授nkonko kamwangamalu描绘过许多这样做的非洲国家。成果一般不睬想，文盲率高，而且适得其反，这些学校培育出的学生英语水平也很差。
the best results, the oup paper says, come from schools that nurture their students’ home languages while also introducing english. some schools are bilingual, teaching subjects in both the students’ national language and english. others teach some subjects in english and others in the national language.
牛津大学出书社那篇论文称，作用最佳的是那些既培育学生的母语、一起又引入英文教育的学校。有些学校实施双语教育，一起用学生的母语和英语授课。还有一些学校用英语教一有些课程，其他课程用母语。
the oup paper points to the growing interest in “translanguaging”, which encourages students to use both their home language and english in their school work. for example, the teacher might read a story in english and then encourage students to act it out in the home language. this helps not just the development of both languages but encourages “metalinguistic awareness”, an understanding of how language works.
该论文指出，我们对“跨言语表达”——鼓舞学生在学习中一起运用母语和英语——的快乐喜爱日益稠密。例如，教师可以会用英语讲一个故事，然后鼓舞学生用母语把故事扮表演来。这不只有助于前进两种言语的水平，而且可以鼓舞“元言语知道”，即了解言语如何作业。
in english grammar tests, polish secondary school students who were asked to compare polish and english grammar subsequently outperformed those who had only been drilled in english.
在英语语法查验中，被需求对波兰语和英语语法进行比照学习的波兰大学生，比那些只承受英语练习的学生体现得非常好。
photo credit: getty images
what are the consequences for students in english-speaking countries, who often learn neither their own grammar nor any other language? is it a good idea, as some ambitious parents in the us and the uk are doing, to send them to pre-schools in mandarin?
对英语国家那些一般既不学习英语语法、也不学习其他言语的学生来说，成果会怎样？把孩子送到教一般话的学龄前学校——美国和英国一些望子成龙的家长正在这样做——是个好主见吗？
victoria murphy, applied linguistics professor at oxford university and a consultant on the oup paper, told me these schools were a great idea, provided the children maintained their contact with english.
牛津大学(oxford university)使用言语学教授维多利亚?墨菲(victoria murphy)是这篇论文的参谋。她向我标明，假定孩子们能持续触摸英语，去上这些学校是个好主见。
prof murphy, herself ananglophonegraduate of the canadian french-immersion school system, where some lessons are in english, said similar ideas could help immigrant children in english-speaking countries.
墨菲教授自己的母语是英语，她结业于加拿大的法语浸入式学校体系，有些课程是英语授课。她标明，类似的主意可以会协助英语国家的移民儿童。
①anglophone/'??gl?(?)f??n/ n. 以英语为母语的人
例句：a person who speaks english fluently is known as an anglophone. 能说一口流利英语的人就会被认为是以英语为母语的人。
while government figures for england show teenagers with a first language other than english matching or outperforming their first-language english peers, prof murphy pointed out that these immigrant-heritage students cover a wide range, from those highly fluent in english to children who have just arrived from syria.
尽管英格兰的政府数据闪现，母语非英语的青少年的体现并不逊于母语为英语的同龄人，甚至愈加超卓，但墨菲教授指出，这些移民子孙的学生触及面很广——有的英语非常流利，也有刚刚从叙利亚来到英国儿童。
photo credit: getty images
if teachers see children talking about their class activities in their family language, they shouldn’t worry. the work they turn out in english may well turn out to be better as a result.
假定教师看到孩子们用母语谈论课堂活动，他们不该忧虑。这样一来，他们用英语结束的作业很可以会更超卓。
leg-up
n. 协助，协助
例句：this leg-up has been crucial. the firm says it is now the world’s biggest manufacturer of solar heaters. 这种协助是至关重要的，皇明公司标明它如今是世界最大的太阳能热水器制造商。
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