大学英语四级翻译新题型精选60道

大学英语四级翻译新题型精选60道专练

丝绸之路

四合院规划

秦始皇坟墓

景德镇

筷子

结业生过剩

我国生意

法定假期

我国扇子

茶

诺言卡

山体滑坡

我国肥胖疑问

飓风“潭美”

秧歌

快速老龄化

我国人均GDP

洛阳

保健食物

我国经济活动放缓

灵隐寺

少林功夫

子孙探望父母

四合院

8大菜系

我国出境游

茶马古道

现代人类

全球变暖

我国城市化

京剧

月光族

结业生作业

孔子

房地产

新年

剪纸

找作业

龙图腾

秧歌舞

长城

饺子

针灸

我国功夫

汉字

筷子

印章

天干地支

京剧

道教

我国成语

丝绸

我国园林

翰墨纸砚

七夕

人员老龄化

对外翻开

假期经济

通讯科技

文明节

端午节

中秋节

1.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是前史上联接我国和地中海的一条重要 生意道路。因为这条路上的丝绸生意占绝大有些，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地舆学家命名为?砍裰贰薄Ｕ馓豕诺来映ぐ渤醪剑?经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),抵达敦煌后分红三条：南部道路， 中部道路和北部道路。这三条路广泛新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后拓宽到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and North?ern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.

2.—个标准的四合院一般由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房子构成。 门一般漆成赤色，并有大的铜门环。一般情况下，全家人住在大院。 北端的正房由老一辈居住,年青_代日子在两边的房子,朝南的房子里, 一般是家庭客厅或书房。

A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study.

3.秦始皇坟墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)位于在 陕西省西安市临潼区以东5公里的骊山北部，是我国前史上第一个 皇帝的究竟休眠之地。它于公元前246年头步缔造,工程持续了 38年。 它占地上积56.25平方公里，是我国前史上最大的坟墓。The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang, located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers east of Lintong District, Xi’an City, Shanxi Province, is the final resting place of the first emperor in the history of China. Its construction lasted for 38 years, commencing in 246BC. With an area of 56.25 square kilometers, it’s the largest mausoleum in China’s history.

4.景德镇，我国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的 耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的乡镇。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的前史现已有1700多年，现已构成了丰厚的瓷器文明。 稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器技能，瓷乐器的典雅扮演，以及美丽 的田园风光构成了景德镇特另外旅行文明，而且让景德镇变成我国 仅有一个以瓷器旅行文明为特征的旅行城市。

Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics. It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful tTown on the south of the Yangtze River. It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics. Rare ceramic rel?ics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic customs, graceful perform?ance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.

5.说到筷子(chopsticks)的来历，我国是世界上第一个运用筷子的 国家，用筷子吃饭现已有至少3000年的前史了。筷子看起来很简略， 只需两根小细棒，但它有许多功用，比方选择，移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于运用，价格廉价。而且筷子也是世界上特有的 餐具(tableware)。运用複子的人，不管是我国人仍是外国人，都无 不敬佩筷子的创造者。

As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging; moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.

6.2008全球经济衰退致使我国的新结业生的作业商场显着降低。 2009年结业的学生将参加到2008年结业仍在找作业的300万学生 之中。结业生过剩(glut)也可以归因于大学入学率的前进和教育机构 的添加。尽管大学的学生人数添加了，可是他们的质量并没有显着 地前进。在大大都情况下，结业生无法在2008年找到适合的作业机 会是因为他们没有作业所需的技能。

The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for China’s new graduates. Students graduating in 2009 will join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities. The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions. Although the number of college students has increased, there has not been any significant improvement in their quality. In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.

7.关于世界上许多国家来说，我国正灵敏变成他们最重要的两边 (bilateral)生意火伴。可是，我国和世界其他国家之间生意不平衡的 疑问现已引发了重视。特别是美国对我国的生意赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。生意纠缠(trade dispute)也越来越多，首要是关于推销(dumping)、常识产权和公民 币的评价。

For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral

trade partner. However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.

8.我国公民依法享受跨越115天的假期，其间包括104天的周 末和11天的节假期。我国一年中有7个法定假期，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),新年（Spring Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳作节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。职工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和教师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在我国，暑假_般约在7月1 日初步，8月31日支配结束，寒假是根据新年的日期，一般是在1 月或2月。?

Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a

year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.

9.我国扇子的前史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住激烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像如今的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄可是健壮的丝绸或许鸟的茸毛做成的长柄扇，称 为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它首要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装 饰。

The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.

10.我国是茶的故乡。传闻早在五六千年前，我国就有了茶树(tea- shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自我国的 茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)—样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一 直是我国重要的出口产品。当前世界上40多个国家栽培茶，其间亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或直接 地来历于我国。

China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea- shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of teaplants can date back two thousand years. Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.

11.诺言卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最快捷一起也是最风险 的诺言东西。经过诺言卡，我们可以先用银行付账的方法收购那些 担负不起的物品，一起，银行也将对此征收比_般告贷要高的利率 (interest rate)。怅惘的是，诺言卡现巳变成本钱主义体系(capitalist system)的重要构成有些，而该体系就得依靠花费(consumption)的持 续增加。?
Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most danger?ous. They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn’t afford， with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans. Unfortunately, credit cards have become an es?sential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.

12.都江堰中兴镇发生山体滑坡(landslide)——这是2008年四川地 震时受灾最严峻的当地。山体滑坡掩盖了大约两平方公里，摧毁了 至少11所房子。到当前中止，已有200多名居民被分散。山体滑 坡几个小时后，巡查队员抵达现场时，悉数都现已是一片浩瀚。目 击者描绘石头和残骸（debris)从山上滚下来，不到三分钟就把8座 房子吞没了。

The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan —one of the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The landslide, which covered about 2 sq km, damaged at least 11 homes. So far more than 200 residents have been evacuated. By the time patrol members arrived at the scene, a few hours after the landslide，everything was already a vast expanse of water. Eyewitnesses described stones and debris running down the hill and covering around eight homes in less than three minutes.

13.国家体育总局(the General Administration of Sport)在一项查询中 发现，自2010年以来，20-39岁的我国人体重添加更多——1.9千克。 这个年纪段中跨越11%的人归于肥胖，这在三年的时刻里就上涨了 两个百分点。

China’s young adults are gaining more weight and exercising less than their elders. Chinese from ages 20 to 39 have put on more kilograms — 1.9 kg ——than other adults since 2010，the General Administration of Sport found in a survey. More than 11% from the age group were obese, up two percentage points in only three years.

14.周四这天，围观者们集合在一同观看暴风的时分，飓风“潭美”（Typhoon Trami)引发的60英尺高的海水，在海宁市邻近的海岸 俄然落下。其时并没有马上弄理解我们伤势有多严峻，也没有任何 去世的陈述。这场飓风是因为浙江省东部的暴雨和时速80英里的风 致使的，它迫使40万人脱离家乡，构成了数百万美元的丢掉。

The 60-foot wall of water — triggered by Typhoon Trami — crashed on the shore near the city of Haining，where onlookers gathered to watch the storm on Thursday. It was not immediately clear how bad the people were injured. There were no reports of any deaths. The typhoon — which caused heavy rain and 80-mph winds along the eastern Zhejiang Province — forced over 400,000 people to be evacuated from their homes and caused millions of dollars of damage.

15.秧歌是阴历正月的首要的民族花市方法。在这种活动中，两人 都盛装打扮，轮流歌唱跳舞，其别人作为歌唱和跳舞的火伴。锣(gong) 鼓依照节奏击打;唢呐（suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木管乐器作为 布景音乐。

Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year. In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm;?suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.

16.根据全国老龄作业委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)的数据来看，到2053年，我国60岁及以上的老人数量估计 会从当前的1.85亿一跃变为4.87亿，或许说是占总人员的35%。扩 张的比例是因为寿数的添加和方案生育方针(family planning policies) 捆绑大有些城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄化对社会和经济平稳 构成了严峻挟制。

17.自从1978年经济变革以来，我国现已结束了从中心方案经济 (centrally planned economy)向商场经济(market based economy)的改动。跨越6亿人现已脱离了贫穷，可是仍然有跨越1.7亿人日子在 世界贫穷线以下 天少于1.25美元。2012年，我国的人均GDP 为12405.67美元，这是30年前的37倍。到2021年，我国的人均 GDP将从世界第90位上升到第75位。可是，这仍然是低于估计的 世界均匀水平。

Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In 2012, China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2021，China’s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however will still be below the forecasted world average.

18.灵隐寺(Lingyin Temple)位于浙江省杭州市西湖的西北部。它是 江南闻名古刹。该寺建于公元326年，有1600多年的前史。传说, 印度一个叫作慧理的和尚来到杭州，被这秀丽的山区风光深深地吸 引了。他认为这儿有神佛，所以建了一座古刹，取名“灵隐”，意思 是躲藏的魂灵。传闻闻名的济公和尚也是在这座寺庙皈依的，这使 灵隐寺愈加有名。

　Lingyin Temple is located in the northwest side of West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It is a famous ancient temple in the south of the Yangtze River. The temple was built in 326 AD and has a history of over 1,600 years. Legend has it that an Indian monk named Huili came to Hangzhou and was deeply attracted by the beautiful mountainous scenery. He thought there lived immortals and then he built a temple and named it “Lingyin”，which means hidden souls. It is said that the famous monk Jigong also took vows in the temple, which made Lingyin Temple even more famous.

19.洛阳是地处华夏的河南省西部一个地级市(prefecture-level city)。 它东部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连三门峡(S_enxia)，北邻济源。 在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人 口最多的时分有100万支配，仅次于其时世界上最大的城市——长安。 在时刻短的五代(Five Dynasties)时期，洛阳是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐 (Later Tang)和后晋(Later Jin)的首都，后来。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)时期，洛阳是西部首都，也是宋朝的树立人赵匡胤的出世地。　　

Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the north. During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu (东都),the “Eastern Capital' and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest city in the world. During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin. During the North Song Dynasty,?Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.

20.我国的保健食物（health food)商场初度呈现于20世纪80年代。 保健食物是指具有特定保健功用或弥补维生素或矿藏质的食物。保 健食物适用于特定人群花费，具有调度人体功用的作用，但不必于 医治疾病的意图。保健食物有两种。一种是具有特定保健功用的食物， 另外一种是养分弥补剂。

China’s health food market first emerged in the 1980s. Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement one’s vitamins or minerals. Health food is suitable for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating human body functions, but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases. There are two kinds of health food. One is food with specific health func?tions, the other is nutritional supplements.

21.就像向我国出售产品的公司会看到收益有丢掉相同，我国经济 活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的 其他国家这些年都看到了无量的获利，因为我国对天然本钱有需要。 我国的需要降低巳经对许多产品的价格有了影响。上星期，我国财务 部长楼继伟标明,本年的经济增加可认为7%,而这不必定是“底线”。

A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries includ?ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities. Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.

22.少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺崇奉释教文明的和 尚们操练的_种功夫(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫打开的文明 空间。少林功夫开始是释教僧侣操练的，他们的责任是维护寺庙。 如今经过1500多年的打开，少林功夫已逐步打开变成一种完满技能 和丰厚意义相交融的艺术，在全世界享有名誉。

Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.

23.这周发布的一项新法令需求子孙有必要常常探望年纪跨越60岁的 父母，并保证他们经济和精力上的需要得到满足。星期二，新华社 报导了_条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位77岁的老太太申述她的 女儿忽略她。这是新法令收效后的第一同案子，当地法院规则她的 女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并供给财力撑持。可是这项法令引发 了争议。有人说这给了那些因为作业、学习或许其他缘由搬离家乡 的人更多压力。

A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the law’s introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.

24.四合院是从明代的北京连续下来的古典建筑个性的住所。四合 院之间的狭隘的大街被称为“胡同”。_个四合院有园林围住着四个 房子，有高高的围墙维护。四合院与胡同都是我们常见到的，有超 过700多年的前史，可是因为如今的城市改造和我国经济的打开， 四合院逐渐地从北京不见。

Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential hous?ing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong，’s. A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the ur?ban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.

25.我国一个邦畿广阔、本钱丰厚、前史悠长的多民族国家，每个 民族都有其一起的丰厚菜肴。地域菜系在地舆环境、气候、文明传 统、民族风俗和其他要素的影响下经过悠长前史的打开现已成形。 最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系， 这8种被我们称为“8大菜系”。我国的“8大菜系”是以多种多样 的烹饪办法区另外，各有其利益。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.

26.联合国部下机构世界旅行组织(World Tourism Organization)公 布的数据闪现，我国游客对全球旅行业的奉献最大。我国人上一年花 在出境游上的开支胀大至1020亿美元，同2011年比较增加了 40%。 联合国世界旅行组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令 我国灵敏跨越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游开支最高的两个 国家。2012年德美两国出境旅行开支均同比增加6%,约840亿美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organiza?tion show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. — the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.

27.茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两端，日子着20多个少量 民族。不一样的当地有着各自秀丽而奇特的天然风光和传统文明，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布 达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有古刹、岩石岩画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少量民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今日， 尽管这条古道的踪影都不见了，但它的文明和前史价值仍然存在。?

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.

28.现代人类约公元前50000年头度从中亚或印度来到我国。这 些石器年代(Stone Age)的人，居住在窟窿中，穿戴毛皮。公元前 4000年支配，这些人初步栽培水稻，并养殖羊和鸡。约公元前3000年， 他们初步运用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，我国 人已进入青铜年代(Bronze Age)，并初步用于写字。约公元前700年， 我国的金属工人学会制造铁器东西和武器。

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.

29.当前，全球变暖是一个抢手论题，可是有关全球变暖的各项证 据如同还有些不一样的声响。我们如今现已晓得，地球的打开阅历了 许多周期(cycle),尽管在前史上还未呈现过像今日这样的年代，即 高度工业化(industrialization)发生如此多的污染。全球变暖首要是由 于二氧化碳气体(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution
currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.

30.我国城市化(urbanization)将会充分隔释潜在内需（domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在我国几乎一切的打开中城市都面临 着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的日子水平有所前进，也为我们提 供更多的作业机缘。跟着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住所及城市基 础设备缔造(infrastructure construction),包括水源等动力的供给将会 变成城市打开的焦点疑问。产品与效能的安适、快速流转是城市化 社会的一项根柢特征。逐步扩展的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消 费者的需要。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.

31.京剧(Beijing Opera)是我国的国粹。作为一门陈旧的艺术，京 剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不一样的服装 类型反映不一样的人物身份特征。富有者的服装挂满精巧的绣花;贫穷 者的服装则简略朴素，稀有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中描写人物 形象的重要办法，它是用不一样的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知人物(portray)的善恶。比方白色代表奸滑(treachery)， 黑色代表耿直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with peo?ple. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent di?vinity and Buddhism.

32.我国经济的高速打开，带来了花费文明的曰益盛行，一起也催 生了一批具有高学历，充共享受本钱主义花费方法的年青人，他 们习气于当月薪酬当月花。因而被称为“月光族”（the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词呈现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讥讽那 些身世殷实、承受高级教育、充共享受快餐文明(fast food culture)的 年青人。

China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moon?light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those bom into wealth，who have received a high education, and who ap?preciate fast food culture.

33.许多刚结业的大学生找不到作业，在校学生则忧虑他们的将来。 多个查询闪现，三分之二的我国结业生想在政府或许国有公司作业， 而不是为我国令人凝视的经济增加供给动力的民营公司。政府和国 有公司被认为能免受经济惨白的影响。如今几乎没有大学生情愿放 弃政府的铁饭碗而下海、参加草创公司或自个创业。

Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered China’s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate. Few college stu?dents today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.

34.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思维家、政治家，教育家，也是我国儒 学(the Ru School)思维的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大体系树立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教育上。冯友兰， 我国思维史上20世纪巨大的的声威之一，把孔子在我国前史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

35.曩昔的七年，我国的房地产(real estate)业阅历了史无前例的高速增加。关于那些月薪较低却盼望在大城市 具有一套归于自个的体面、舒畅的栖息之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的担负。鉴于这一情况，政府迩来采纳了一系列的办法来避免房价过快增加，包括前进利率及添加房产税等。当前，这些办法在有些城市现已 获得了初步的成效。

In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

36.我国新年是我国最重要的传统节日，在我国也被称为新年。新年的庆祝活动从岁除初步一向连续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从阴历(lunar calendar)最终一个月的最终一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢 度新年的风俗和传统有很大差异，但一般每个家庭都会在岁除夜集会，一同吃大年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大打扫。我们还会在门上张贴赤色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为安康、发财和洽运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和省亲访友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.

37.剪纸(paper cutting)是我国最为盛行的传统民间艺术方法之一。我国剪纸有一千五百多年的前史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别盛行。我们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在新年和婚庆时刻， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以添加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是赤色，标志安康和兴隆。我国剪纸在世 界各地很受等待，常常被用作赠给外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

38.如今，越来越多的大学生诉苦很难找到好作业。构成这一表象的缘由如下：首要，大学生把在校的大大都 时刻都用在了专业学科学习上，只需当他们初步找作业的时分，才知道到自个短少必要的作业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞赛也越来越剧烈，这致使任何一名大学生找到作业的机缘都变小了。因而，激烈主张大学生在 课余时刻做一些兼职作业，以堆集有关的作业经历。

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.

39.对龙图腾的崇拜在我国大约已连绵了8千多年。我国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等天然天象集结而成的一种神物。 我国龙的构成与中华民族的多元交融进程同步。在我国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、拓荒改变的涵义和联合凝集的精力。

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

40.秧歌舞是我国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，一般在北方省份扮演。秧歌舞者一般穿上亮堂多彩的扮演服装，他们的扮演动作有力灵敏。在阴历新年、元宵节等节日时刻，我们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面气候有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞扮演。这些年，我国东北某些城市的晚年人自觉组织了了秧歌队，队员终年经过跳秧歌舞来坚持安康，火伴他们也乐在其间。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

41.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。假定你到了我国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或许就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔相同。我们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实践上，长城开始只是一些时断时续的城墙，直到秦朝共同我国后才将其连城长城。可是，今日咱们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大有些都是在明代建筑的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

42.饺子是深受我国公民喜爱的传统食物。 相传为古代医圣张仲景创造。饺子的制造是包括： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个进程。其特征是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状一起，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗话。我国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的风俗，涵义吉利。对崇尚亲情的我国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是喜度岁除、辞旧迎新必不可以少的内容。

Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

43. 针灸是中医学的重要构成有些。依照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法首要是经过疏通经络、和谐气血，来抵达阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于和谐之意图。其特征是“内病外治”。首要疗法是用针刺入患者身体的必定穴道，或用艾火的温热影响炙烤患者的穴道，以抵达影响经络。医治病痛的意图。针灸以其一起的优势，撒播至今并传抵达了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一同被海外称为我国的“新四大国粹”。

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

44.我国功夫即我国功夫，是将技击寓于奋斗和套路运动之中的我国传统体育项目，承载着丰厚的我国民族传统文明。其中心思维是儒家的中和养气之说，一起兼容了道家、释家的思维。我国功夫源源不绝、门户树立、拳种繁复，讲究刚柔并济、表里兼修，包含着前贤们对生命和世界的参悟。后世所称十8般武艺，首要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、8卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.

45.汉字是从初始人用以记事的简略图像，经过不断演化打开究竟变成一种兼具音、形、意韵的一起文字。现存我国古代最早老到的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又阅历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不一样的期间。汉字规划“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆当地“的观念。汉字有五种根柢笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

46.我国人运用筷子就餐的方法在世界上独出机杼。有史记载用筷的前史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简略，但却一起具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功用。我国民间视筷子为吉利之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与运用刀叉以及手抓的 方法不一样，成双结对的筷子富含“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是陈旧的东方文明。

The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.

48.印章就是图书印章。我国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不一样的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国年代已广泛运用。印章的制造是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的方法雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除往常使用外，又多用于书画题识，逐骤变成我国特有的艺术方法之一。

A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.

49.天干地支是我国历法顶用以记载和命名年岁的办法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的次序顺次相配，记载不一样年份，60年为一个轮回。干支编年法从古沿用至今。按干支编年法，2011年就是辛卯年。

The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

50.京剧被称为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的我国国粹。它来历于我国多种陈旧的当地戏曲，特别是南边的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧构成并变成我国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是归纳性扮演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（扮演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通进程式化的扮演办法，叙说故事，描写人物。人物首要分生（男性）、旦（女人）、净（男性）、丑（男性女人皆有）四大行当。

Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).

51.道教是我国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋晚期的哲学家、思维家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为首要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚喧嚣无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名六合之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”就是老子的金玉良言。

Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

52.我国成语是汉语中意义无缺的标明一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约好俗成。成语是比词大而语法功用又恰当于词的言语单位。绝大大都的我国成语由四个汉字构成，例如：发扬蹈厉、后发先至、厚积薄发。成语首要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语言语中精粹而又赋有生命力的一有些。

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.

53.我国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是我国古代公民的巨大创造。商周时期丝绸的出产技能就已打开到恰当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把华夏与波斯湾、地中海紧密联络起来，拓荒了中交际流生意的新纪元。从此我国的丝绸以其杰出的质量、精巧的幻术和丰厚的文明内在出名于世，变成我国文明的标志。东方文明的使者。

China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

54.我国园林是把人工的山水、植物、建筑等与天然地貌有机联系的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的瑰宝。其缔造原则是“妙极天然，宛自天开”。游赏我国古典园林，能充分领会“假天然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，我国园林前史悠长、内在丰厚，被称为世界造园史上的根由之一。

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

55.翰墨纸砚是我国古代文人书房傍边必备的宝物，被称为“文房四宝”。用翰墨书写绘画在我国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不一样硬度的毛和竹控制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张今后，书籍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则短文墨的运用而打开。 “文房四宝”到宋朝今后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.

56.每年阴历七月初七的七夕节，简称七夕，俗称乞巧节，是我国传统节日中最具浪漫颜色的一个节日。传说每年的七月初七是牛郎、织女相会的日子。在这一天，人世的喜鹊（magpie）要飞到天上去，为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过银河相见。在这一天的晚上，假定静静地躲在葡萄架下，就能听到牛郎、织女说的悄然话。

The Double-Seventh Festival, called Qi xi for short, falls on the seventh day of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is also known as “the Begging Festival”, and it is a traditional Chinese festival full of romance. According to the legend, Niu lang(Cowherd) and Zhi nv(Weaver Maid) get together on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, all the magpies will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two loving birds might come together, people can hear the loving whispers between Niu lang and Zhi nv if they hide quietly under the grape trellis.

57.人员老龄化现已变成一个全球性的表象。这种表象不只已成定局，还将跟着时刻的推移愈演愈烈，打开我国家特别如此。它的社会影响广泛且体现方法多样，如若无视，社会必将为此付出无量价值。为了保证晚年人员的可持续打开，国家、非政府组织、社区、家庭成员、特别是晚年人自个，都要扮演重要的人物。

Population aging has become a world-wide phenomenon. It has not only come to stay but, especially in the developing countries, it will become more acute with the passage of time. Its influences are so wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a tremendous cost to society. In order to ensure a sustainable development for the elderly population, be it the state, non-government organizations, the community, the family members and last but not least, the older persons themselves, each has a very important role to play.

58. 我国将进一步打开经济、扩展翻开，这对海外公司(enterprises)意味着更多的商机。变革翻开以来，我国公司与海外公司一向活泼打开经济技能协作，并获得了无量作用。海外公司不只协助我国公司的生长，而且也在协作中获得了收益。我国政府将持续供给有力的方针和条件，推进我国公司与国外公司进一步打开协作。

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great/ tremendous achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.

59.假期经济的表象标明：我国花费者的花费观正在发生无量改变。根据计算数据，我国花费者的花费需要正在从根柢日子必需品转向对休闲、舒畅和自个打开的需要。一起，我国人的花费观在昌盛打开的假期经济中正变得老到。因而产品规划应作相应调整，来习气社会的打开。另一方面，效能质量要改进，以满足我们前进日子质量的需求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands for Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. (Chinese consumers’ demand for basic necessities of life has given way to leisure, comfort and personal development.) Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.

60.2013年6月20日在我国各地，据估量60万儿童和他们的教师观看了由宇航员(astronaut) 王亚平在间隔地球300公里的上空所教学的科学课。王亚平与两个火伴乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangong-1 laboratory module) 实行为期两周的使命。她在课前进行了一系列太空中的物理演示。在有些展示中还比照了在地球重力(one-gravity)环境下相同的实验。这堂物理课不只让孩子们享受了一堂常识与快乐喜爱兼具的物理课，也闪现了我国通讯科技的行进。

On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

61. 文明节是不一样国家的我们彼此了解的最佳媒体。经过举办文明节，许多我国城市在海外被越来越多的人所知道。在文明节上，精彩的民间歌舞和甘旨的当地食物，是最招引人的有些。实际证明，这是推进我国公民和世界其他当地公民之间的交流的最有用的途径之一。这种交流不只是限于文明方面，还扩展到了经济和其他领域。

Culture festival is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other. Through culture festivals, many cities in China have become known overseas. Wonderful folk singing and dancing and delicious local food are the most effective ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and people from other parts of the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to culture, but extends to economy and other fields.

62.端午节，又名龙舟节，是为了留念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣(minister)，他给国家带来了平缓和昌盛。但最终因为遭到诋毁(vilify)而究竟投河自杀。我们撑船到他自杀的当地，抛下粽子，期望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特征在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和赛龙舟，特别是在一些河湖布满的南边省份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed/respected minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.

63. 中秋节对我国人来说是最重要的节日，仅次于新年。每年中秋节，我们从全国和世界的各个角落回到家中，与家人集会、赏月和吃月饼。如今，在中秋节到来前的一个月，就有林林总总的月饼出售。我国人信赖满月标志着平缓、昌盛(prosperity)和家庭集会（reunion）。中秋节当晚的月亮被认为是最亮堂满足的，这也是为啥也被称为是“重逢日”和“月亮节”。

The Mid-Autumn Festival is the second most important festival after the Spring Festival to Chinese people. Every year, when the festival comes, people go home from every corner of the country and the world to meet their family, admire the full moon and eat moon cakes. Nowadays, there is a large variety of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of the festival. Chinese people believe a full moon is a symbol of peace, prosperity and family reunion. The moon on Mid-Autumn Festival night is believed to be the brightest and fullest. That is why the festival is also known as / called the “Day of Reunion” and the “Moon Festival”.