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passage2注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ? ??a report consistently brought back 全英文授课太难了 by visitors to the us is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most americans were to them.【第15题】?to be fair, this observation is also frequently made of canada and canadians, and should best be considered north american. there are, of course, exceptions. small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the us. yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
? ? ? ? for a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise?dull existence. dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from onel another. strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.【第17题】
? ? ? ? the harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of 全英文授课太难了 hospitality. someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. it was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. it reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. and someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
? ? ? ? ?today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the us【第18题】, especially in the smaller cities and towns awayfrom the busy tourist trails.such observations reported by visitors to the us are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. the casual friendliness of many 全英文授课太难了 americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
? ? ? ? as is true of any developed society, in america a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.【第16题】 and, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. visitors who fail to s language and culture. it takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish 
between courteous convention and individual interest. yet, being friendly is a virtue that many americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
一、文章规划分析
? ? ? 这是一篇介绍并分析美国人友善好客这一文明表象的文章。这篇文章从规划上讲，一个比照显着的特征是比照证明办法，第二段和第三段从前史视点谈论美国人友爱的成因，而第四段对如今美国人的友爱进行描绘。第二个特征是主题句并不总在期间的初步有些（如这篇文章第一段和第四段），因而考生在全英文授课太难了寻找主题句时需要留心yet等转机连词的运用，这些词后边引导的语句一般才是主题句地址。
? ? ?第一段：指出美国人友爱、礼貌、乐于助人的表象，最终一句交待了文章的写作意图，即这种表象值得谈论。
? ? ?第二段、第三段：从前史视点谈论发生这一表象的缘由：一是旅行者因为打破了当地的愁闷而受等待；二是开荒区域的严格实际。该有些首要选用说理证明办法。
? ? ?第四段：第二句为主题句，阐明这一表象在今日的美国仍然盛行，该段运用了引证法。
? ? ?最终第五段：从文明的视点谈论整个美国民族体现出来的友善好客表象。
15.in the eyes of visitors from the outside world.
[a]rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the us
[b]small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
[c]canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
[d]most americans are ready to offer help
15.在外来的赏识者的眼里，
［a］粗鲁的租借车司机在美国很稀有
［b］胸怀狭隘的官员大约被细心谈论
［c］加拿大人不如邻国公民友善
［d］大大都美国人乐于助人
16.it could be inferred from the last paragraph that.
[a] culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
[b]courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
[c]various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
[d]social 全英文授课太难了 interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
16.从文章最终一段可以推出
［a］文明影响社会联络
［b］礼貌的习气和自个快乐喜爱彼此影响
［c］各种美德只是体如今兄弟联络
［d］社会联络等于一系列凌乱的文明风俗
17.families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers.
[a]to improve their hard life
[b]in view of their long-distance travel
[c]to add some flavor to their own daily life
[d]out of a charitable impulse
17.住在悠远区域的家庭曩昔常常款待旅行者是
［a］为了改进艰苦的日子
［b］思考到他们的奔走风尘
［c］为自个的往常日子添加情味
［d］出于行善的一时激动
18.the tradition of hospitality to strangers.
[a]tends to be superficial and artificial
[b] is generally well kept up in the united states
[c] is always understood properly
[d]has something to do with the busy tourist trails
18.这种对陌生人友善的传统
［a］一般是表面的、虚伪的
［b］一般来说，在美国得以广泛地坚持
［c］老是可以被正确了解
［d］与一些旅行热线有关
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
（1）artificial（a.）人工的，人工的；人为的，装模作样的
（2）charitable（a.）仁爱的，慈悲的；charity（n.）慈悲集体，仁爱，施舍
（全英文授课太难了3）courteous（a.）礼貌的，周到的；courtesy（n.）谦恭有礼，有礼貌的行为或言辞
（4）frontier（n.）国境，边境；悠远区域，悠远当地
（5）harsh（a.）恶劣的，粗糙的，刺耳的，严格的
（6）hospitality（n.）好客，周到，款待；hospitable（a.）好客的，周到的
（7）impulse（n.）激动，教唆，推进，影响；（v.）推进
（8）small-minded（a.）胸怀狭隘的
（9）specialize（v.）（in）专门从事
（10）superficial（a.）表面的，浅陋的，浅陋的
三、阅览答案：d a c b
四、全文翻译：
? ? ? ?去过美国的人回来老是说大大都美国人对他们是多么友善、好客、乐于助人。公正的说，我们对加拿人也常常作出有这样的谈论，因而，这应当被认为是北美的广泛表象。当然也有破例。在美国，胸怀狭隘的官员，行为粗鲁的款待和毫无礼貌的租借车司机也并非稀有。尽管有不如人意的当地，但因为热心好客是我们常常作出的谈论，所以值得谈论一番。(长难句①)
? ? ? ?曩昔很长一段时刻，在美国许多当地，旅行者的到来老是颇受观迎，因为他们打破了当地居民愁闷单调的日子。无聊、孑立是一般彼此之间隔离很远的家庭广泛存在的疑问。陌生人和旅行者不只转机了我们的留心力，他们还带来了外面世界的消息。
? ? ? ?开荒区域的严格日子实际也促进了这一好客的传统的构成。单独旅行时，假定挨饿、受伤或患病，一般只能向迩来的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说，这不是一个选择的疑问；而对当地居民来说也，这也并非是行善的一时激动。（佳句①）它反映了往常日子的严格实际：假定你不收留陌生人，那他便无处求助了。请记住，有一天你也可以处于相同的境遇。
? ? ? ?如今，有了许多的慈悲组织专门协助疲倦的旅行者。不过，热心招待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行，特别是在远离旅行热线的小乡镇。“我只是路过，和这个美国人聊了聊。很快，他就请我到他家吃饭——这真令人惊奇。”去过美国的旅客的这种谈论很广泛，但并非都能被正确了解。许多美国人不经意体现的友爱不该被看作是表面或虚伪的应付，而大约当作是文明传统的前史打开成果。（佳句②）
? ? ? ?同任何兴隆国家相同，一系列凌乱的文明符号、想象和风俗构成了美国一切社会联络的基础。(长难句②)当然，会讲一种言语并不料味着就了解其社会和其文明方法。不能正确“诠释”文明意义的旅行者一般得出差错的结论。例如，美国人所说的“兄弟”一词，其文明意义可以与旅行者言语和文明中的“兄弟”截然不一样。要想正确区别礼貌是出于文明风俗仍是自个快乐喜爱，单凭一次公共轿车上的邂逅是远远不可的。（长难句③）不过，友爱是许多美国人推重的美德，也是期望从邻居和陌生人那得到的。
