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原标题：heading解题办法之——推翻传统巧用英文逻辑
观真题在规模之内
救考生于题海之中
在历年的雅思阅览考试中，标题配对题对许多考生来说是很大的难题。关于基础相对单薄的考生，甚至会错一半甚至三分之二的标题。许多考生反映，考试时一看第一篇文章初步就是heading题，心里现已慌了多半，已没有耐性解题，爽性直接略过第一篇，跳到第二篇。
下面，咱们将从几个方面临此题型进行具体解读，最终推翻传统，巧用英文逻辑，轻松处置heading题。
1
heading题型的重要性
1.出题方位
heading是第一个题型，后边是正文及其他题型。因为考生广泛将此题型列为难题，因而假定初步就是heading题，我们在心思上会有必定的压榨感。所以考试时千万没关系张，放松心态，逐题击破。
2.与其他题型的联络
与heading题型分配的一般是基础题型，如判别题或单选题。heading查询我们对某一期间主旨粗心的了解，基础题型查询我们对细节的了解，而对期间粗心的了解会直接影响对细节的判别。也正因为如此，据朗阁海外考试研讨中心的专家对此题型的总结，发现假定考生做对某一个heading题，那后边呈如今这一段的基础题根柢也能做对。
3.分值
heading归于配对题，而配对题的特征是错一道题可以会扣两分，因为可以会选到另一道标题的正确选项。所以考生要尽可以做对每一道heading题，削减失分率。
2heading题型为何难
1. 出题方法
前面咱们说到，在传统的我国初大学英语考试中，选主旨粗心的标题是以单选题的方法出题的，我们比照了解。另外正确选项比照显着，我们都晓得要在四个选项中选择最为归纳的那个，另外三个烦扰性都以细节为主，所以能极好打扫。但在雅思的heading中，是以列表的方法，即一个list, 给出的选项数量要大于期间数量，所以有烦扰项。最大的难点在于，所给的选项大多不再是无缺的语句，而是以短语为主，更有许多选项只需两三个单词，如the biological clock, enough food at last等。
2. 时刻短
雅思阅览的期间，有些只需三句话，有些长达十句话，我们需要在均匀一分半支配的时刻内，读完期间，看完选项，再选出正确答案，所以时刻非常严峻。而假定用通读的方法读完一个期间再做题，会发现做完heading题，所剩时刻已屈指可数。所以假定没有掌控正确的解题办法，考生很简略在heading题上浪费许多时刻，影响全体做题速度。
3
解题办法
1. 传统办法之——首尾句/转机词
我们都晓得，短时刻内看完一个期间并总结出期间粗心，要调查首尾句及转机词后边的内容。因而，传统上咱们关于heading题的解题有两个解题原则，一是首尾句，二是转机词。这个办法是有其合理性的，因为雅思阅览文章大有些为阐明文，整篇及期间的规划大都比照有规则，大都为“总-分-总”式写法，因而首尾句非常重要，可以让我们大致晓得主旨内容。其次，转机词处一般是作者表达首要观念的当地，所以也很重要。
例句
剑六文章“the advantages of public transport”
in the uk, travel times to work had been 七年级上册英语网课视频 stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour travelling to work. trains and cars initially allowed people to live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination. however, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times far higher.
这一段的首句讲的是上班时刻长短的疑问，呈现了要害词travel times to work, 最终一句话讲的是上班时刻变长了，要害词commuting times, 因而正确的heading选项是ⅶ increases in travelling time.
it was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. however, the istp team’s research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of 七年级上册英语网课视频 decline. the explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related fields together. ’the new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.’
第一句话是telecommunications对人员分布的影响，可是第二句转机了，所以要看however后边的内容。主旨句是倒数两句：it is valuable to place people working in related fields together, 所以答案大约是ⅲ the benefits of working together in cities。值得留心的是这一段许多同学会被第一句话中telecommunications这个很显着的词利诱，简略选择烦扰项ⅵ the impact of telecommunications on population distribution, 所以必定要看转机处，首尾句有必定的利诱性，咱们稍后会讲到。
例句
剑六文章“motivating employees under adverse conditions”
there is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs. for example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within 七年级上册英语网课视频 larger business, high achievers should be sought. however, if the job to be filled is a managerial post in a large bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected. accordingly, high achievers should not be put into jobs that are inconsistent with their needs. high achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback. however, it should be remembered that not everybody is motivated by jobs that are high in independence, variety and responsibility.
首句意思为假定matching people to jobs, 即让人做适合的作业，会带来酬谢。所以对应选项为ⅷ ensure employees are suited to their jobs。
the literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well 七年级上册英语网课视频 they are doing in those goals. for those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated. the next factor to be determined is whether the goals should be assigned by a manager or collectively set in conjunction with the employees. the answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organisation’s culture. if resistance to goals is expected, the use of participation in goal-setting should increase acceptance. if participation is inconsistent with the culture, however, goals should be assigned. if participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it.
首句意思为打点者大约保证职工有清楚方针并收到对自个作业体现的评价，所以对应选项为ⅶ establish targets and give feedback。
从以上比方不丑陋出，首尾句和转机词还对错常重要的解题技巧。
2. 读懂大约，使用逻辑
例句
剑8文章“land of the rising sum”
it is remarkable that large, mixed-ability classes could be kept together for maths throughout all their compulsory schooling from 6 to 15. teachers say that they give individual help at the end of a lesson or after school, setting extra work if necessary. in observed lessons, any strugglers would be assisted by the teacher or quietly seek help from their neighbour. carefully fostered class identity makes pupils keen to help each other - anyway, it is in their interests since the class progresses together.this scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up. however, the japanese attitude towards education runs along the lines of ’if you work hard enough, you can do almost anything’. parents are kept closely informed of their children’s progress and will play a part in helping their children to keep up with class, sending them to ’juku’ (private evening tuition) if extra help is needed and encouraging them to work harder. it seems to work, at least for 95 per cent of the school population.
假定只看首句，我们很简略被compulsory schooling利诱，错选ⅲ the success of compulsory education。
例句
剑九文章“is anybody out there?”
ever when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. we do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. however, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the milky way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. that means that our nearest 
neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.
首句首要意思为人类关于其他生命晓得还非常有限，假定只看首句，很简略选择烦扰项ⅵ knowledge of extra-terrestrial intelligence。
eg: 剑九文章“the development of museums”
it could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’, historical accuracy must be increasingly altered. for example, pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an indonesian museum with malay facial features, because this corresponds to public perceptions. similarly, in the museum of natural history in washington, neanderthal man is shown making a dominant gesture to his wife. such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors. there is one compensation, however, for the professionals who make these interpretations: if they did not provide the 
interpretation, visitors would do it for themselves, based on their own ideas, misconceptions and prejudices. and no matter how exciting the result, it would contain a lot more bias than the presentations provided by experts.
第首句是为了看起来更真实，要改动精确性。后边第二句和第三句因为呈现了for example和地址或人名，所以都是比方，可忽略不计。
for the inuit the problem is urgent. they live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. nobody knows the arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what’s happening. in canada, where the inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country’s newest territory, nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. this is a challenge in itself.
只看首句得知主旨与inuit有关，但无法选择，因为两个选项都呈现了要害词。快速扫第二、三两句，无转机，是对首句的撑持，可忽略。读到第四句，可在两个选项中选出正确选项the reaction of the inuit community to climate change。
温馨提示
heading的解题，不只需看首尾句或转机词，因为太多时分首尾句呈现的要害词会变成烦扰项，只看转机词并不能精确判别上下文谈论的内容，因而最佳的办法是每句都看，但只看要点，然后分析句与句之间的联络，联系转机处。假定某一句是上一句的并排、举例、递进等平行联络，可忽略不计。假定是重粗心思转机处，要细心看。这样，咱们既在最短的时刻内阅读了全段，又能搞理解句与句之间的联络然后总结出首要内容，保证heading题的正确率。
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