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一、副词概述
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词,表示动作的特征、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。
二、副词的分类
时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、疑问
副词及程度副词。
1、)时间副词:时间副词表达的内涵包括回答“什么时候”或“经常与否”。
a: how, then, yesterday, last time, today,
just now, later on, so far, ago;
b: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever;
c: already, yet, late, early, soon, at once, at last, finally, at first, since;
2、)地点副词:表示地点或位置关系的副词,用来说明动作发生的地方。
a: here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere;
b: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, over, round, away, near;
注:b 类中表示位置的副词有时也可作介词。如:
come in, please!
they live in the next room.
3、)方式副词:badly, carefully
,politely, sadly, suddenly, happily,well, fast, high, hard.
4、)程度副词:常见的有: much, a little, a bit, very, even, so, too, enough, quite, rather, completely, terribly, nearly, hardly, not at all。这些副词多用来修饰形容词、副词或动词以加强语气。
5、)疑问副词:是用来引导一个特殊问句,有时用来引导时间状语从句或宾语从句。疑问副词有:how, when, where, why, who
三、部分副词的用法:
1、)too, either, also 都是表示“也”。
too 和
either 都用于句末,too 用于肯定句中,either 用于否定句及一般疑问句中,also 放在句子中,be 动词前,实义动词后。
2、)so, neither 都可以用在倒装句的开头。
so 接在肯定句后表示“也一样”,句式:so+助动词+主语;
neither 接在一个否定句后面表示“也不,没…….”
句式:neither+助动词+主语,如:
i have read the book, so has he.
jim didn’t win the game, neither did tom.
3、)already, yet
already和yet通常用于现在完成时中,already用于肯定句,yet用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
he has already finished his homework.
jim hasn’t come back yet.
四、副词的比较等级
副词和形容词一样,也有比较级和最高级,其变化形式与形容词的比较等级一样。