贺艳花教师2008年高考英语完形填空技巧指点

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所属分类:英语口语

??从近三年来全国及各省高考英语试卷“完形填空”试题的命制,根柢上遵从了“杰出语篇, 偏重使用,注重实践”的方案思路。试题特征显着———-“查询考生在阅览了解的基础上对词汇常识的掌控情况”,即需求考生通读短文,掌控文章粗心,归纳运用所学的词汇、语法等常识,从试题所供给的词汇、短语中判别出使短辞意思通畅、规划无缺的词汇或短语,在语篇中查询学生的言语常识活络运用才能。完形的选材一般是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章,内容情节深化,常触及人物心思活动方面的详尽描绘,华章与语句规划改变丰厚,文章内容安康、时髦,将常识、文明、教育、快乐喜爱融为一体,即:年代感杰出,日子化显着,寓教于乐。2008年的完形填空将会持续朝着言语交际化、景象日子化、词汇运用活络化的方向打开。

 二、完形填空的出题特征

完形填空是一种查验学生言语水平缓实践运用言语才能的归纳性题型, 它要肄业生掌控词汇常识,习气用语,语法常识,句法规划,而且要有必定的语篇领会才能,逻辑思维才能和言语感悟才能,是归纳了现行的单选和阅览的查询,特别偏重对语篇及上下文的了解和使用。

一)完形
贺艳花教师2008年高考英语完形填空技巧指点插图
填空所查询的才能:

词汇(词的根柢用法、词的分配和习气用语、近义词/近义词/形似词的区别)语法(句型规划分析)

阅览了解才能(快速阅览、找中心句和理顺文章规划)

推理、分析、判别、归纳归纳才能

布景常识和日子常识

二)完形填空的出题特征

1.高考完形填空试体裁料的词汇量比早年有所添加,文章的难度也相应增大,查询由部分了解向全体了解转移,添加了语篇了解的试题,设问视点杰出查询对上下文甚至全篇的了解。

2.试题查询点削减了单句层次的试题,淡化语法,而被景象选择所替代。

3.文章体裁仍以记叙文或夹叙夹议为主,选材体现年代性、思维安康。在布空方面以实词为主,其间以动词、名词、描述词、副词为中心,另外,选项具有有用性和烦扰性,充分体现言语常识活络运用的特征。

4.对民族文明和言语布景常识的查询加大。

三、完形填空解题进程

总则:在掌控整篇文章的基础上对语句内部的情况进行分析。

1.必读首尾句,猜测主题,判别文体

完形填空短文无标题,首句不设空,所以要必读首句。另外,学生还要细心读第二段的首句,第一段的尾句及整篇文章的尾句(文章的主题句有时在第二天然段的句首,有时在第一天然段的句尾或整篇文章的句尾)。

记叙文:首句交待4个W(when, where, who , what);

阐明文:首句提出/说明阐明某事物;

谈论文:首句提出一个观念;

2.跳读全文,领会粗心

凭仗首尾句提示,跳过空格,快速把短文自始至终读一遍,进一步从全体上了解短文粗心。

3.通读全文,试选答案

捉住上下文内容联络和逻辑联络,把所给4个选项别离放入空格地址语句中试填,弄清空格处待填的是啥词,起何作用,一起留心习气表达及语法常识。

4.细读全文,揣摩难题

根据常识,运用逻辑推理,联系语境和已选答案供给的信息,对难的备选项细心揣摩。

如真实难以断定,选用“打扫法”,首要打扫在语法/内容上显着不契合需求的答案,再对剩下的选项比照。

5.复读全文,调整答案

把所填的答案代入空格,查看所选答案是不是能使文章上下联接,前后照顾,逻辑合理(关于不置可否的答案,最佳尊敬第一形象,不改动为好;真实不能处置的空格,只能凭语感来选择)。

 四、完形填空解题办法及备考战略

  一)词汇常识的运用(各类词的用法及分配、词语分析)

1.动词

1)动词的规划功用(vi./vt./linkv., 接啥样的宾语,能否接复合宾语,接啥样的复合宾语)

eg (1). But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students

improve their reading skills.

A. force B. help C. get D. wish

析:选【B】。只需help 可接help sb.do sth.

2)分析上下文景象,留心词汇与论题的同现

规划是为意思效能的,在完形填空中大有些选项只看动词的规划功用是很难判另外,所以要分析上下文景象。

(2)(Father)“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We ,went to our room and closed the door.

A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied

析:【C】上文父亲叮咛她们上楼到自个的房间去,她们去了,阐明按父亲的叮咛做了,所以选C。

2.代词(不定代词/指示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑问代词/联络代词/彼此代词等)

1.不定代词(some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等)

2.指示代词(that, this, these, those, such ,same, so)

one 代[C] 泛指,指非限制的一个;可代人/物

that 代[C] 特指;不可以代人;代[U]

this 近指,后指 that 远指,前指

(3) is the sports programme. 初步体育节目。

(4) is the end of the news. 新闻到此结束。

Keys: (3)This 4)That

3.名词/描述词/副词/介词(依上下文语义/语境需求,分配,论题来选)

4.近义词/近义词/形似词

1)词的分配才能(rise/raise, hope/wish)

如:demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick one’s pocket

request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sth. from sb.

2)单词的适用规模/场合

如:voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg,kill/murder等

3)单词的豪情颜色

如:die 中性词,pass away 标明对死者的尊敬

4)进程与成果的不一样

look for/search 重进程 find/discover 重成果

5)区别规划类似而意思不一样的表达法

如:be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth.

take place/take one’s place/take the place of

can’t help do sth./can’t help doing sth./can’t help but do sth.

6)留心有知道与无知道

如:notice:表无知道行为,observe/watch/see 表有知道行为

5.词语的分配

1)动词的分配(do 和make的分配才能较强,要常记,记牢,记熟)

do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.)

make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, one’s way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.)

2)名词的分配

描述词与名词的分配有的具有必定的文明背就连学生要留心“同床异梦”的词语。如:

lucky dog 走运儿 right hand得力辅佐

narrow escape九死终身 dark horse出其不料的取胜者

3)描述词的分配

有些描述词可以加一个描述词润饰,标明偏重,使表达愈加生动。常见的有:pitch dark(漆黑的), brand new (簇新的),crystal clear(水晶般的) ,wide open(张得大大的), fast asleep(睡得很熟的), wide awake(完全醒着的), icy cold(严寒的), etc.

有些描述词可以和不一样的介词分配,学生应留心比照、归纳。如:

sick for 盼望 tired from因 而疲惫 engaged in 忙于

sick of 厌烦 tired of 对 厌烦 engaged to 与或人订亲

二)华章技巧的运用

一个无缺的语篇,一篇内容充分、规划合理、行文流通的短文所依靠的不只是词汇和语法,更多的是华章规划技巧。作者凭仗于华章技巧成文,学生在复现作者的言语时相同可以凭仗华章技巧。

1.复现

“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、近义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、归纳词(总分联络)以及其他方法重复呈如今语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的语句彼此联接和联接,然后构成一个无缺和有机的意义全体。大体上说,词汇的复现包括:原词复现、近义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、归纳词复现和注释性复现(其间一种表达是对另一种的说明)。具体指某一词以原词,指代词,近义词,反义词、同源词、归纳词等从头呈如今整个文章的前后,并起到了联接全文的作用。

(5)First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to six windows.

A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean

析:【D】同源词复现,由window-cleaner可知为clean the window.

2. 同现

同现指意义上彼此联络的单词一起呈如今同一语篇中。一个语篇,一个论题,需求有与之相连的词汇(华章中的词汇链)。

1) 名词同现:与一个论题或一个名词呈如今同一个语境的另一个名词。如:

school---primary school—middle school—college—university

students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates

2) 动词同现:与一个论题或一个名词呈如今同一个语境的另一个动词。如:

school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed

3)描述词同现

就某一语境而言所能呈现的描述词也是有规则的。如:在学校这个语境中:(key)school—(optional)course—(compulsory)course

4) 规划同现

规划同现批分配之类的句型和成对呈现的短语。如:

some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;

(6)I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new __44__, dressed neatly.

A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion

析:【A】名词同现,从room, furniture,平等现信息可知。

(7)We were __42____ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, …42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure

析:【A】规划同现,be about to do …when…

3.逻辑联络

一个无缺的语篇大约是契合逻辑的,文章逻辑联络的获得首要靠过渡词的运用。作者使用转承语保证
贺艳花教师2008年高考英语完形填空技巧指点插图(1)
文章的逻辑,学生在做完形填空时应经过自个对上下文的了解,找到恰当的逻辑联络,然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌控常见的过渡词:

1.递进

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still

2.比照

in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

3.对照

in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while

4.因果

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus

5.偏重

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially

in particular, absolutely,

6.让步

although, though, after all, in spite of

7.举例

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

8.
贺艳花教师2008年高考英语完形填空技巧指点插图(2)
时刻和空间

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last

outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

9. 总结

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary

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