考研英语真题题库

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资料全称：考研英语（一）题库

考研英语考研真题题库摘录：

一、社会生活类

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency（crimes committed by young people）focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage incriminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 5 as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories

of juvenile delinqueney have focused on children from disadvantaged families，6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control.All theories.

however，are tentative and are 8 to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates.For example，changes in the economy that

10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also 13 changes these years.More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents；

14 children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16.This lack of parental supervision is thought

to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.Other 17 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school，the increased 18 of drugs and alcohol，and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act，20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

1

A.acting

B.relying

C.centering

D.commenting

【答案】C

【解析】center on sth（为中心），与focus on的意思相近，这里指以个体为中心的理论，与下文，的"Theories focusing on the role of society"相对应。act on对起作用，依据行事。rely on信任，信赖。comment on评论。

2

A.before

B.unless

C.until

D.because

【答案】D

【解析】之前他们犯的错误没有受到足够的处罚等是青少年犯罪的原因，两者为因果关系，因此选because表示..的原因。until和before表示时间，unless表示条件。

3

A. interactions

B. assimilation

C. cooperation）

D. consultation

【答案】 A

【解析】 interaction互动，交互作用，与with搭配表示“与人交往”，因此符合文意“通过与他人交往学会了犯罪行为"。assimilation同化，同化作用，不能与with搭配。cooperation （合作，协作）和consultation（咨询，磋商）不合文意。

4

A. return

B. reply

C. reference

D. response

【答案】 D

【解析】本句解释第二种观点，即着眼于社会因素的观点，这种观点认为青少年实施犯罪他们未能提高自己的社会经济地位..由此可知两部分之间是因果关系，而且所填之词需与in和to搭配构成短语。in response to作为对的回应，因而起，符合文意。in retum后面一般跟介词for，表示“对的报答”。in reply to回复。inreference to关于。

5

A. or

B. but rather

C. but

D. or else

【答案】 A

【解析】上文讲述了一种原因，下文叙述另一种原因，所以只能选择表示并列关系的连词。此外，第一段阐述青少年犯罪的第一个因素时提到"they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have leamed criminal behavior through”，此处句子结构与之相同，故选or， but rather但，宁愿。but但是。or else否则，要不然。

6

A. considering

B. ignoring

C. highlighting

D. discarding

【答案】 B

【解析】前半句提到“大部分青少年犯罪的理论都是专注于来自贫穷家庭的少年”，后半句指出“富足家庭的少年也可能犯罪的事实”，根据句意可知前后两部分是对比关系，将注意力集中在前者身上，必然会忽视后者。ignore忽视，忽略。consider认为。highlight显著，突出。discard丢弃，抛弃。

7

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. with

【答案】 C

【解析】前面指出“后者可能犯罪”，后面提到“缺乏足够的父母管教”，两部分之间构成因果关系。只有for可以作为前置词表示原因。

8

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. with

【答案】 C

【解析】前面指出“后者可能犯罪”，后面提到“缺乏足够的父母管教”，两部分之间构成因果关系。只有for可以作为前置词表示原因。

9

A. affect

B. reduce

C. check

D. reflect

【答案】 A

【解析】本句为本段的主旨句，下文给出具体例了讲述了社会结构对青少年犯罪的影响。故选affect“影响”，意思是“社会结构的变化可能对青少年犯罪率造成间接的影响"。reduce减少。check检查。reflect反映。

10

A.

point

B. lead

C. come

D. amount

【答案】 B

【解析】经济变化和青年就业减少之间显然是因果关系。lead to导致，这里指经济结构变化导致青年的工作机会减少。point to指出，指向。come to总计，复原。amount to总计，总共达到。

……

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