- A+
在英语中，不一起间发生的动作或存在的状况，要用不一样的动词方法来标明，这就叫做动词的时态。
一、一般时
一般时包括一般如今时、一般曩昔时、一般将来时和一般曩昔将来时。
1． 一般如今时的构成
一般如今时首要用动词原形来标明。主语是第三人称奇数时，动词后边要加-s或-es。
They want good jobs.
他们想要好的作业。
The coat matches the dress.
外衣和裙子很相配。
This work does not satisfy me.
这项作业我不满足。
Do you understand?
你懂了吗?
2．一般如今时的用法
①一般如今时的根柢用法
a. 标明如今习气性的动作或存在状况
He always takes a walk after supper.
晚饭后他老是散漫步。
Everyone is in high spirits now.
如今我们都心境高涨。
b. 标明客观实际或广泛真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.
声响在水中的传达速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man.
时刻不等人。
c. 标明主语的特征、才能和状况
This cloth feels soft.
这布摸上去很软。
I love classical music.
我喜爱古典音乐。
The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.
看来总统仍能有时刻去垂钓。
d. 标明按方案或组织即将发生的动作
The meeting begins at 7:00.
会议七点钟初步。
We leave here at 8:00 sharp.
咱们8点整脱离这儿。
e. 在时刻、条件、让步状语从句中标明将来动作
When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。
If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.
假守时刻答应的话，咱们明日去那里。
Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.
不管他附和与否，我都会待在家里。
②一般如今时的特别用法
a. 用于新闻标题或图像阐明中
China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful
我国宣告载人航天飞翔满足成功
Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow
劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b. 用于体育运动、扮演等实况报导中
Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
弗朗西斯穿曩昔，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。
Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.
如今，看，我按下按扭，翻开了这台机器。
c. 标明劝诫或??
You mind your own business.
你不要管闲事！
If he does that again, he goes to prison.
假定他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。
d. 标明如今片刻间的动作
Here comes the bus.
轿车来了。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
1． 一般曩昔时的构成。至于辅导书举荐共同给回复，某宝查找《张狂600》就可以，不必再单独问我，选福建师范大学发货的版别就行，期望这些能协助各位同学非常好的学习。
一般曩昔时是用动词的曩昔式来标明。
His words fetched a laugh from all present.
他的话使在场的人都笑了。
I did not sleep well last night.
我昨晚没睡好。
Did you direct the tourist to the hotel?
你告诉这位游客去旅馆的路了吗？
2．一般曩昔时的用法
①一般曩昔时的根柢用法
a. 标明曩昔某个特守时刻发生的动作或存在的状况
He suddenly fell ill yesterday.
昨日他俄然患病了。
The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.
建议机因燃料用光而停机了。
留心：
在一般曩昔时的语句中，一般都要有标明曩昔的时刻状语。
【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说）
【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year.
上一年我赏识过故宫博物院。
【正】I have visited the Palace Museum.
我赏识过故宫博物院。
b. 标明曩昔常常发生的动作或存在的状况
I wrote home once a week at college.
我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.
他年少时就养成了广泛阅览的习气。
标明曩昔的习气性动作，除了用曩昔式外，还可以用used to或would来标明。
She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.
她上高三时常常学习到深夜。
He would sit for hours doing nothing.
曩昔他常常一坐几个钟头啥事也不做。
c. 标明曩昔接连发生的一系列动作
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，细心地翻阅了起来。
The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.
学生们很早上床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。
d. 在时刻、条件状语从句中标明曩昔即将发生的动作
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
教师回来咱们才会脱离。
She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.
她告诉我假定第二全国雨的话，她就不去了。
②一般曩昔时的特别用法
a. 在虚拟口气中标明如今或将来时刻的动作或状况
It's time we went.
是咱们该走的时分了。
I wish I were twenty years younger.
期望我年青20岁。
I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.
我甘愿你暂时先不要采纳啥办法。
b. 在口语中，一般曩昔时一般闪现宛转谦让。
I wondered if you could give me a hand.
我想请你帮个忙。
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚来看你，好吗？
3．一般如今时和一般曩昔时的比照
一般如今时要和如今时刻相联络，而一般曩昔时和说话的“如今”不相联络。
His father is a film director.
他父亲是影片导演。（他如今仍是）
His father was a film director.
他父亲曾是影片导演。（他如今不是）
How do you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）
1． 一般将来时的构成
一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，首要见于英国英语，如今的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数方法均用will标明。在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“'ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't。
I'll go and shut the door.
我去关门。
When will you know your exam results?
你啥时分能晓得考试成果？
I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.
我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。
You and I will arrive there next Monday.
我和你下周一都要抵达那里。
Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.
咱们俩下一年中学结业。
2．一般将来时的用法
①标明即将发生的动作或存在的状况
I shall be free this afternoon.
我今日下午有空。
There'll be no chemistry classes tomorrow.
明日没有化学课。
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.
他们可以去上海休假。
留心：
在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing规划来替代will / shall + 动词原形，以标明生动。
I'll be seeing a friend off at the airport.
我要去机场给一个兄弟送别。
He'll be going with us tomorrow.
他明日和咱们一同去。
②标明即将重复发生的动作
My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.
我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。
The students will have five English classes per week this term.
本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。
③标明附和或容许做某事
That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it.
这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。
I won't tell anyone what happened, I promise.
我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。
④标明一种倾向或估测
Flowers will die without water.
没有水花会枯死的。
Water will change into ice at 0℃.
水在零摄氏度就会结冰。
This will be your sister, I guess.
我猜测这是你姐姐。
3．一般将来时的常用规划
①用于“I expect, I'm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中
Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass.
不要忧虑这次考试，我深信你会经过的。
I wonder what will happen.
我不晓得将会发生啥事。
I don't think the test will be very difficult.
我想这次查验不会太难。
②用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中
Work hard and you will succeed.
假定你尽力，就会成功的。
Go at once and you will see her.
马上去，你就接见会面到她了。
③与标明时刻或条件的状语从句连用
I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.
他一到我就告诉你。
If you ask him, he will help you.
假定你请他，他会协助你的。
We shall go unless it rains.
除非下雨，否则咱们是要去的。
4．将来时刻的其他表达法
①be going to + 动词原形
“be going to+ 动词原形”这一规划常用于口语中。
a. 标明抉择或方案要做某事
I'm going to buy a new coat this winter.
本年冬天我方案买一件新大衣。
Are you going to play basketball after class?
下课后你去打篮球吗？
He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.
他长大后要当医生。
What are you going to do today?
今日你方案做啥？
b. 标明有痕迹即即将发生啥事
Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
The car is going to turn over.
轿车要翻了！
There is going to be a snowstorm.
将有一场暴风雪。
比照：
“be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的差异
1．be going to一般标明很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可标明不久的将来，也可标明长远的将来或不断定的将来。
She is going to get better.
她的病要好了。（有恢复安康的痕迹）
She will get better.
她的病会好的。（认为究竟会恢复安康的）
2．will标明将来，一般是指事前无方案的意图，是暂时抉择的； be going to则标明事前有方案的意图，是经过思考的。
— George phoned while you were out.
你外出的时分乔治打电话来的。
— Ok. I'll phone him back.
好的，我给他回电话。（暂时抉择）
— Matthew phoned while you were out.
你外出的时分马修打电话来了。
— Yes, I know. I'm going to phone him back.
是的，我晓得了。我预备给他回电话。（早有组织）
但在正式文体中，要用will来标明事前组织的动作。
The meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m..
会议将在10点初步。
Coffee will be served from 9:30 from today onwards.
从今日起9:30初步供给咖啡。
3．标明有痕迹闪现即将发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不必will或shall。
I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.
我觉得不舒畅，我想我要患病了。
4．be going to 可用于条件句，标明将来时刻，will则不能。
If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.
假定你要到会会议，你最佳如今就启航。
②be + 动词的-ing方法
“be + 动词的-ing方法”标明根据如今的方案或组织，预期将会发生某事，这种组织不容随意改动。在这一规划中，动词-ing方法一般是标明方位转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与标明将来的时刻状语连用。假定没有时刻状语，则所标明的动作有即将发生之意。
He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days.
他几天后要启航去新疆。
I am dining out tonight.
今晚我将出去吃饭。
The plane is taking off soon.
飞机马上就要起飞了。
The old man is dying.
那位老人快要死了。
比照：
“be + 动词的-ing方法”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同
1．标明按方案发生的动作时，两者可交换。
We are moving to a new flat tomorrow.
咱们明日就要搬到新房子里去了。
We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow.
咱们明日就要搬到新房子里去了。
2．标明因为客观要素而发生的将来动作或状况时，用be going to规划，不必be + 动词的-ing方法。
You are going to fall if you climb that tree.
假定你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。（不凶咴说 You are falling if ...）
Be careful. You are going to break that chair.
留心！你会把那张椅子弄坏的。（不凶咴说 You are breaking that chair）
③ be + 动词不定式
这一规划中的be，只需如今式 (am, is, are) 和曩昔式 (was, were) 两种方法。
a. 标明按方案或组织即将发生的动作
The highway is to be open to traffic in May.
这条公路将在五月份通车。
Am I to take over his work?
我是不是要接收他的作业？
b. 用于条件句中偏重按方案或组织即将发生的动作
If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now.
假定咱们乘坐5点的火车的话，那咱们如今就得启航。
c. 标明指令或叮咛等。否定方法常标明“阻止”或“不许”。
You are to be back before 10 p.m..
你有必要在10点前回来。
You are not to go out alone at night.
晚上你不能单独出去。
比照：
“be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的差异
1．“be going to+ 动词原形”偏重说话人自个的意图和方案，“be + 动词不定式”偏重受别人的指示或组织要做的事。
I'm going to try my best to write this article well.
我将极利巴这篇文章写好。
Am I to wait here till their arrival?
我要在这儿一向等到他们抵达吗？
2．标明因为客观要素或不受人控制的即将发生的动作时，只用“be going to+ 动词原形”，不必“be + 动词不定式”。
It's going to rain.
天要下雨了。（不说It's to rain.）
Rachel is going to faint.
雷切尔要晕倒了。
④ 一般如今时
一般如今时可以用来标明将来时刻，首要用法有：
a. 标明因为日历或时刻表的规则而固定不变的或比照不易改动的将来时刻发生的动作。
Tomorrow is Friday.
明日是星期五。
What time does the next train leave for Paris?
下一班开往巴黎的火车几点启航？
b. 在时刻状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般如今时标明将来时刻的动作或状况。
I'll give the book to you after I finish it.
我看完这本书就给你。
If he arrives, we must go and meet him at the railway station.
假定他到了，咱们就得到火车站去接他。
c. 在hope, suppose等后边的宾语从句中常用一般如今时标明将来动作或状况。
I hope all is well with him.
我期望他悉数都好。
Suppse we go hiking tomorrow.
咱们明日仍是去远足吧。
1．一般曩昔将来时的构成
一般曩昔将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成的。
He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.
昨日他问我啥时分启航去巴黎。
They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.
他们想晓得怎样才干早一点儿结束家庭作业。
2．一般曩昔将来时的用法
一般曩昔将来时刻的启航点是曩昔，即从曩昔某一时刻看今后要发生的动作和状况。
a. 一般曩昔将来常常用于直接引语中
He said they would arrange a party.
他说他们将组织一个晚会。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
我问他是不是来帮我修电视机。
b. 一般曩昔将来时可用来标明非真实的动作或状况
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
假定我有机缘出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一同去看影片就好了。
3．曩昔将来时刻其他表达法
a. was/were going to +动词原形
He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
他说他退休后要住在村庄。
They thought it was going to rain.
他们认为天要下雨了。
b. was/were +动词的-ing方法
Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.
没人晓得客我们是不是要来。
I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.
我被奉告火车几分钟后就要开了。
c. was/were +动词不定式
She said she was to clean the classroom after school.
她说她放学后要打扫教室。
It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.
据报导长江上即将再建一座大桥。
“was/were going to +动词原形”或“was/were + 动词不定式结束式”可标明未能完成的曩昔将来时刻的动作。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.
上星期天咱们本想去旅行长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成）
I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.
我是方案协助表演的，但前天我伤风了。（没有帮上忙）
d. was/were about to do
“was/were about to do”标明说话的片刻间就会发生的动作。
I felt something terrible was about to happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
e. was/were on the point of doing
I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now. 很高兴你来了。我正预备给你打电话，如今你省去我这个费事了。
“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”规划一般不与标明将来的时刻状语连用，但后边可以接when引导的分句。
I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.
我正要启航天俄然下雨了。
