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如今结束时是初中英语中最重要也是最难劣理言掌控的一个时态,一起它也是中考英语中一个最重要立保冬的时态考点,许多同学们对如今结束的用法似懂非懂,具体做题时也一般是跟着感加施觉走。这篇文章联系初中英语的教育内容和中考英语的查询特征,为同学们归纳学好定语从句有必要留心的五个方面,供我们参阅。
一、弄清根柢构成办法
如今结束时由“have / has+曩昔分词”构成。其间的have / has 为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在这今后加not。
二、掌控两种首要用法
如今结束时首要有两种用法,一种是已结束用法,也叫影响性用法;另一种是未结束用法,也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特征是:
1. 已结束用法(影响性用法):该用法的如今结束时标明一个曩昔发生的动作在曩昔现已结束,而且这个曩昔发生并结束的动刁难如今有影响或成果,一起说话偏重的或感快乐喜爱的就是这个影响或成果。如:
She has left. 她脱离了。(对如今的影响或成果:她如今不在这儿。)
Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对如今的影响或成果:她能开她的车了吗?)
I have finished my work. 我的作业做完了。(对如今的影响或成果:如今我没事了。)
He has eaten nothing today. 他今日啥也没吃。(对如今的影响或成果:他如今必定很饿。)
2. 未结束用法(持续性用法):该用法的如今结束时标明一个曩昔发生的动作并未在曩昔结束,而是一向持续到如今,而且有可以持续下去(也可以到此结束)。如:
How have you been? 你迩来怎样?
She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的教师。
How long have you lived here? 你在这儿住了多久了?
They have been married for ten years. 他们成婚现已10年了。
I’ve known her for a long time. 我知道她很长时刻了。
注:除以上用法外,如今结束时还可标明曩昔的重复动作甚至将来动作。如:
He has always gone to work by bike. 他老是骑自行车上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做竣作业后就上床睡觉了。
三、留心一般连用的副词
如今结束时一般连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如:
We have finished our work already. 咱们现已结束了作业。
He has never driven a car before. 他曩昔从未开过车。
Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?
She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。
I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚照了几张相。
可是,若不偏重动刁难如今的影响,这些副词也可用一般曩昔时。如:
He just arrived in. 他刚到日本。
Such things didn’t happen before. 那样的事早年没有发生过。
I hear that he went abroad recently. 我传闻他迩来出国了。
四、留心since与如今结束时的联络
since不管用作介词、连词仍是副词,语句(主句)谓语一般都用如今结束时。如:
I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上星期以来我一向未见过她
I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since. 1975年我见过他,但自那今后就一向未见到他。
We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来,咱们一向是好兄弟。
注:标明时刻长度时,一般用一般如今时替代如今结束时。如:
It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。
It’s about six months since we arrived here. 咱们到这儿大约有半年了。
五、留心如今结束时与一般曩昔时的差异
1.already意为“现已”,一般用于必定句中,可放在助动词之后,曩昔分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:
1)I've already read this book. 我现已读过这本书了。
(“读”这一动作发生在曩昔,对如今构成的影响是“晓得书中的内容”。)
2)I've washed my clothes already.我现已洗了衣裳。
(洗衣裳的动作已结束,其成果是“衣裳冼洁净了”。)
留心:在标明吃惊或明知故问等豪情颜色时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:
3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)现已见过他了?
2.yet用在疑问句中意为“现已”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:
1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他现已找到他的手表了吗?
—No,not yet.不,还没有。
2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对如今的影响)
3.just意为“刚刚”,标明行为刚刚曩昔,常放在助动词与曩昔分词之间。实例:
He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。
4.ever意为“早年”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与曩昔分词之间。实例:
1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?
2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。
5.never意为“历来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与曩昔分词之间。实例:
I have never traveled by plane before.我早年历来没有乘飞机旅行过。
6.before意为“早年”,指曩昔不断定的某个时刻,老是放在句末,不受句型的捆绑。实例:
1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你早年去过海南吗?
2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我早年没吃过广东菜。
六、掌控have been to 和have gone to的用法差异
两者均可后接地址,前者标明去过某地,一般可与标明次数的状语连用;后者标明到某地去了,偏重说话的其时去某地的人不在场。比照:
She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。
She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即如今不在这儿)
注:若这今后不是接名词,而是接副词,则不必to。如:
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
He has gone home. 他回家去了。
选择填空:
A) 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
B) 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种方法填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______since he came back.
4) How long _____ have _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
C)选择填空
( )1.Mrs wh
ites isn't here, sheLondon, shethere many times
(A)has been to , went (B)has gone to , has been
(C)went to, has gone (D)has been to , has gone
( )2.She has__________ to Beijing twice .
(A)gone (B) got (C)been (D)come
( )3.—whereyour father, Li Lei? —To Beijing
(A)have, been (B)has, been (C)have, gone (D)has, gone
( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , Heto the library
(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go
( )5.Mr smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week
(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone
( )6.They_ for two years
(A)have been to (B)have been in (C)have gone to (D)have come to