【英语常识点】初中英语语法归纳 宾语从句

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一、概述

宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。

主句是复合句的主体,从句只是是主句的一个成分,它从归于主句,不能独立。从句在全句中充当啥成分,就叫啥从句。宾语从句傍边的从句在全句中作宾语。

简略句She knew the teacher(宾语)复合句She knew that the teacher hadseen the film.(宾从)

二、宾语从句

1

语序

不管主句是陈述句仍是疑问句,宾语从句都有必要运用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据联接词在从句中所担任的不一样成分,可分为以下四种:

1)联接词+谓语。联接词在从句中作主语。常见的联接词有:who,what,which等。如:

Could you tell me who knows theanswer,please?你能告诉我谁晓得答案吗?

The small children don't knowwhat is in their stockings.这些小孩子不晓得袜子里有啥东西.

I don't know which belongs tomy father.

2)联接词+名词+谓语。联接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的联接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

He asked whose handwriting wasthe best in our class.他问咱们班上谁的书法最佳。

The teacher asked us how manypeople there were in the room.教师问咱们房间里有多少人。

3)联接词+主语+谓语。联接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的联接词有:who(m),what,which, how many, how much,when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如:

He hasn't decided if he'll goon a trip to Wuxi.他还没抉择是不是去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I shoulddo with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处置这笔钱吗?

4)联接词+名词+主语+谓语。联接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的联接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

Do you know which class he isin ?你晓得他在哪个班吗?

She asked me if I knew whosepen it was.她问我是不是晓得这是谁的钢笔。

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2

联接词

1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省掉。如:

He said that he could finishhis work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前结束作业。

2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是不是”。如:

I don't know if /whether hestill lives here after so many years.

但鄙人列情况下只能用whether:

①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,特别是直接与or not连用时,一般用whether(if…or not也可以运用)。如:

Let me know whether /if he willcome or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)

I don't know whether/if he doesany washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.

I wonder whether we stay orwhether we go

②在介词之后用whether。

如I'm interested in whether helikes English.我关怀的是他是不是喜爱英语。

We're thinking about whether wecan finish the work on time.

I worry about whether I hurther feelings.我忧虑是不是伤了她的豪情。

③在不定式前用whether。如:

He hasn't decided whether tovisit the old man.他没有抉择是不是造访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to goby bus or by train.他还未抉择是乘公共轿车去仍是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:

Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是不是真的我说不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:

Whether she will come or not isstill a question.她是不是能来仍是个疑问。

The question is whether we cancatch the bus.疑问是咱们能否赶上公共轿车。

⑥若用if会致使歧义时,则用whether。如:

Please let me know if you likethe book.可了解为:a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是不是喜爱这本书。B. If you like the book, pleaselet me know.你假定喜爱这本书,请告诉我。

3)假定宾语从句正本是特别疑问句,只需用正本的特别疑问词引导。如:

Could you tell me why you werelate for the meeting this morning?

3

时态

含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态照顾应包括以下三点内容:

1)假定主句的谓语动词是一般如今时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:

I don't know when he will comeback.我不晓得他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sistercame back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨日回来了。

2)假定主句的谓语动词是曩昔时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用曩昔时态即一般曩昔时、曩昔进行时、曩昔将来时或曩昔结束时的某一种方法。如:

①The children didn't know who hewas.孩子们不晓得他是谁。

②He asked his father how ithappened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

3)假定宾语从句所标明的是客观实际、广泛真理、天然表象或习气性动作等,不管主句用啥时态,从句时态都用一般如今时。如:

The teacher said that the earthgoes round the sun.教师说地球绕着太阳转。

4

留心:

if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应留心它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不一样。if和when引导宾语从句时,别离意为“是不是”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相照顾;它们引导状语从句时,意思别离为“假定,假定”和“当……时分”,当主句时态是一般将来不时,其时态用一般如今时。它们常常放在富含状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行归纳查询。如:

—Do you know when he will comeback tomorrow ?你晓得他明日啥时分回来吗?

—Sorry, I don't know. When hecomes back, I'll tell you. 对不住,不晓得。当他回来了,我将告诉你。

—I don't know if he will come.我不晓得他是不是会来。

—He will come if it doesn'train.假定不下雨,他会来的。

宾语从句的复合句转化为简略句(六种办法),使其与原句意思相同(或附近)的试题。

【英语常识点】初中英语语法归纳 宾语从句插图
办法一:当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise(和片面抉择有关)等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语共一起,宾语从句可简化为不定式规划。例如:

Li Ming hopes he will be backvery soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would helphim. →We decided to help him.

办法二:当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell(和回想认知有关)等动词,且主句主语与从句主语共一起,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”规划。例如:

She has forgotten how she canopen the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

注:当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和直接宾语共一起,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”规划。例如:

Could you tell me how I can getto the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

办法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(指令),require(需要)等时,假定主句和从句的主语纷歧致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”规划。例如:The headmaster ordered that weshould start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

办法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他方法简化。例如:

He insisted that he should gowith us. →He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know whenand where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of hisbirth.

办法五:某些动词后边的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing方法(作宾语补足语)”规划。例如:Liu Ping found that there was awallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

办法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行恰当的改变。例如:It seemed that the boys weregoing to win. →The boys seemed to win.

除上述办法外,还有一些特别句式的转化。例如:

I found that it was difficultto learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the groundwas covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box wasvery heavy. →They found the box very heavy。

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