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The American Financial System (1)
美国金融准则（一）
[00:03.71]Situation 6
[00:04.90]景象 6
[00:06.09]Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States ,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.
[00:11.99]田中岩夫初度因公出差工到美国，他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和钱银准则。
[00:17.89]Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the United States?
[00:21.68]田 中：啥是美国联邦储蓄体系？它是美国的中心银行吗？
[00:25.47]Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .
[00:28.38]银行家：从法令上讲，它不是，田中先生。可是它发扬了那样的作用。
[00:31.29]The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States .
[00:35.16]美国联邦贮藏体系即往常称之为“联邦”的是美国财务机构。
[00:39.03]It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
[00:42.33]它有权发行作为国家首要钱银的纸币，
[00:45.64]to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
[00:49.35]有权控制货仙的供给量，并有权监督国内银行及银职事务活动。
[00:53.05]T;It's owned by the government ,isn't it ?
[00:54.56]田 中：它归于政府一切，是吗？
[00:56.06]B:No ,it isn't .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationally chartered banks in their respective districts.
[01:02.39]银行家：不是的。实践上，美国联邦贮藏体系包括十二家银行，这些银行都是由地址区域的国家立案银行掌控一切权。
[01:08.73]But the supervisory board ,called the Boa
rd of Governors,is a government agency responsible to the Congress.
[01:13.30]可是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构，它向国会担任。
[01:17.87]T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don't all banks have to have charters?
[01:20.82]田 中：您所说的国家立案的银行是啥意思？莫非不是一切的银行都有必要立案吗？
[01:23.77]B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual banking system here in the United States.
[01:29.64]银行家：是的，每个银行都有必要立案或许得到答应证才干运营。可是在美国，咱们这儿实施的是两层银行体系，
[01:35.50]That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
[01:39.25]就是说，有些银行是由联邦政府签发的答应证，而有些则是各个州签发的。
[01:43.00]There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
[01:46.91]在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。
[01:50.81]T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
[01:52.16]田 中：这些银行受美国联邦贮藏体系监督吗？
[01:53.50]B:Only the national banks are .
[01:54.85]银行家：不，只需国立银行是这样的。
