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2008年9月27日下午,“神七”航天员翟志刚进入太空,变成我国太空漫步第一人,招引了全世界的目光。海外言辞谈论说,翟志刚的一小步是我国的一大步。翟志刚精准结束在舱外漫步的使命,并同步施放了小型卫星。这次成功,不只将我国太空科技又往前推了一大步,也证明晰我国的太空实力。航天员出舱是其时我国航天科技的中心标志,不只标志着“神七”中心使命的满足结束,一起也为我国航天作业树立了一个期间性的旅程碑,完全足以证明我国航天作业出舱才能的全部掌控与树立,下一步,我国航天作业将会进入又一个新期间,迎来新的光辉。
China space mission returns after first spacewalk
Three Chinese astronauts made a jubilant return to Earth on Sunday after successfully completing the country'
s first-ever spacewalk, an event the premier said was "a stride forward" in China's space history.
The spacewalk was mainly aimed at testing China's mastery of the technology involved. The sole task of mission commander Zhai Zhigang was to retrieve a rack attached to the outside of the orbital module. He remained outside for about 13 minutes.
"It was a glorious mission, full of challenges with a successful end," Zhai said after the Shenzhou 7 module landed under clear skies in the grasslands of China's northern Inner Mongolia region. "We feel proud of the motherland."
State broadcaster CCTV showed the astronauts emerge from their capsule, which floated gently down under a giant red-and-white-striped parachute, and wave at cameras as they celebrated the end of their 68-hour mission.
Zhai, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng stayed inside for about 46 minutes to adapt to Earth's gravity before crawling out of the narrow entrance. They were declared healthy after medical examinations inside the module.
"This mission's success is a milestone; a stride forward," Premier Wen Jiabao said at mission control.
Saturday's space walk, which was broadcast live and watched by crowds gathered around outdoor television screens, further stoked national pride one month after the close of the Beijing Olympics.
"A small step by Zhai Zhigang in space is a big step in the history of the Chinese nation," said a commentary by the official Xinhua News Agency carried Sunday by the Beijing Daily newspaper.
On most newspaper front pages were pictures of Zhai clutching a Chinese flag as he hovered in space outside the Shenzhou 7 vessel, alongside photos of Chinese President Hu Jintao on a telephone as he spoke to the astronauts.
While successful, the spacewalk wasn't without anxious moments.
Zhai, a 41-year-old fighter pilot, appeared to struggle with the hatch and a fire alarm was triggered in the orbiter as he began the spacewalk.
Wang Zhaoyao, deputy director of manned space flight, conceded that the combined effects of weightlessness and depressurization on the hatch opening operation hadn't been fully anticipated. He blamed a faulty sensor for the fire alarm.
The spacewalk required the astronauts to first depressurize and then repressurize the orbital module and proved the effectiveness of Zhai's Feitian space suit, produced by China at a cost of $4.4 million. Liu wore a nearly identical Russian-made Orlan suit, according to the reports.
The spacewalk paves the way for assembling a space station from two Shenzhou orbital modules, the next major goal of China's manned spaceflight program.
China is also pursuing lunar exploration and may attempt to land a man on the moon in the next decade — possibly ahead of NASA's 2020 target date for returning to the moon.
China launched its first manned mission, Shenzhou 5, in 2003, becoming only the third country.
从上面的新闻报导可以看出,space mission指的是神舟七号载人飞船实施的太空探究使命,引人凝视的太空漫步就是space walk,初度太空漫步就是first-ever spacewalk。翟志刚短短的20分钟的太空漫步被媒体称为我国航天作业上的一大步(A small step by Zhai Zhigang in space is a big step in the history of the Chinese nation。)用温家宝总理的话来说叫做a stride forward。
Mission commander指的是“神七”乘组指令长,神七乘组初度设置了指令长岗位,即使命中自称“洞幺(01)”的航天员翟志刚。
Orbital module就是轨迹舱。载人飞船manned spaceship/spacecraft首要由三个舱体构成,即轨迹舱(Orbital Module)、回来舱(Reentry Capsule)、设备舱(Service Module)。与module有关的词语还有回来舱(re-entry module);推进舱(propelling module);指令舱(command module)和档谅舱(lunar module)。
The Shenzhou 7 module landed指的是神舟七号在结束前史性的使命之后回来内蒙古中部区域的主着落场(the main landing site)。
Capsule指的是太空舱,与module为近义词,这篇文章指的就是神舟七号的回来舱the re-entry capsule。Mission control 指的是地上指挥中心。
Depressurize and then repressurize指的是航天员出舱前后有必要阅历的“减压”和“升压”的进程。因为航天服内的压力只需正常气压的30%~40%,假定航天员突然进入低压状况可以因为正本溶解于体液中的氮气因为气压的改变灵敏地变为气泡,致使栓塞而挟制生命平安。这种表现不但呈现于太空活动,人类在潜水中也会遇到类似的情况——潜水员突然从海底回来海面则会呈现低压情况,构成相同的栓塞。因而这种情况被称为“潜水症”。所以航天员有必要在出舱之前就做好相应的预备。首要在出舱前几小时有必要呼吸纯氧,这样可以逐渐排掉身体内剩下的氮气。其次在太空船中设有一个专门的气阀舱,航天员在出舱前和回来后都有必要阅历“减压”和“升压”的进程,使压力逐渐改变,这样身体习气了就不会呈现潜水症了。因为出舱活动减压升压的需要,“神七”太空船上添加了气阀舱这样的设备。这在早年的神舟飞船上是没有的。
Space suit一般指航天员穿戴的航天服,这篇文章指的是我国自行研发的“飞天”舱外航天服或许说舱外活动服,英文叫做extra-vehicular activity suit,简称EVA suit。我国自行研发的“飞天”牌舱外航天服每套总分量约120公斤,造价3000万元公民币支配。舱外航天服可为航天员出舱活动供给恰当的大气压力、满足的氧气、适合的温湿度,以保证航天员的生命活动需要;航天服具有满足的强度,避免辐射、微流星和空间碎片对航天员的损伤,保证航天员的作业才能;航天服还能供给可靠工效保证及遥测通讯保证等。
Space station指世界空间站。世界空间站是能在太空中长时刻运转的无量载人飞船,空间站上有作业舱、日子舱、效能舱和对接舱,舱内有类似地上的日子环境,宇航员和研讨人员可使用各种仪器设备进行科学研讨。这篇文章提及,这次神舟七号的太空漫步为我国树立自个的世界空间站铺平了路途。依照我国载人航天方案,我国究竟将缔造一个耐久性的世界空间站。我国将在2010年至2015年间发射“天宫”一号方针飞翔器和“天宫”二号、“天宫”三号两个空间实验室,还将别离发射2艘无人飞船进行无人对接实验,然后再发射5艘飞船进行载人对接实验和载人驻留实验,估计在7年内接连发射7艘太空飞船。空间实验室是树立在太空的用于打开各类空间科学实验的实验室。据悉,我国当前在研的“天宫”空间实验室选用两舱规划,别离为实验舱和本钱舱。该站的大致容貌:包括一个中心舱、一架货运飞船、一架载人飞船和两个用于实验等功用的其他舱,总分量在100吨以下。这个空间站建成后,中心舱可不断加舱。到时,每年将往空间站发射若干个航天器。据我国工程院院士、神舟飞船原总方案师戚发端介绍,我国航天的方针分为三大步,第一步是把人送上太空,这个方针在神五顺畅升空时即已达到。第二步是持续打破载人航天的根柢技能:多人多天飞翔、航天员出舱在太空行走、结束飞船与空间舱的交会对接。第三步就是树立耐久性的空间实验室,进行科学实验。神七升空,意味着三步曲中的第二音阶已然奏响,随后的神8到神十飞船将相继升空,以奇秀的太空之舞构筑起我国自个的“天宫”系列太空实验室。
NASA是The National Aeronautics and Space Administration的首字母缩写词,即美国航空航天打点局,海外华文媒体又习气称之为美国太空署。我国完成初度太空漫步之后,美国航空航天局探月方案担任人吉尔布雷斯认为,我国将在2017年或2018年完成登月,然后先于美国方案的在2020年重返月球。2004年1月14日,美国总统布什在NASA华盛顿总部宣读了“新太空方案”,宏愿勃勃地提出“重返月球”,其中心方针是在月球上树立耐久基地,并以此为跳板,为人类登入火星甚至探究更悠远的太空做预备。
除了上述词语常识外,与我国“神舟号”系列太空飞船有关的常用词汇还有以下一些:
载人航天 manned space flight
载人航天方案 manned space program
无人飞船 unmanned spaceship / spacecraft
实验太空船 experimental spacecraft
多级火箭 multistage rocket
回来式卫星 recoverable satellite
通讯卫星 communication satellite
遥感卫星 remote sensing satellite
运载火箭 carrier rocket; rocket launcher
长征二号F运载火箭 Long March II F carrier rocket (“神舟七号”的运载火箭)
有用载荷才能 payload capability
近地轨迹 low Earth orbit
气候卫星 weather satellite; meteorological satellite
太阳同步轨迹卫星 satellite in sun-synchronous orbit
同步轨迹卫星 geosynchronous satellite
舱外活动(又名“出舱活动””,即“太空行走”)extra-vehicular activity(EVA)
紧迫供氧设备 emergency oxygen apparatus
空间物理勘探 space physics exploration
世界空间站 International Space Station
太阳能电池板 solar panel
太空升降舱 space elevator
外太空 outer space; deep space
银河系 Milky Way galaxy
阿波罗号世界飞船 Apollo
发射卫星 launch a satellite
发射升空 blast off
发射台launch pad
轨迹orbit
人工卫星 artificial satellite
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王银泉,南京农业大学外国语学院英语教授,硕士生导师,大学外语部主任。2007年4月由江苏省省委常委集体谈论当选为江苏省"333高层次人才培育工程"第一批中青年科学技能带头人。南京农业大学133人才培育工程英语学科学术带头人。南京农业大学大学英语教育变革总掌管人。1996年获国家留学基金第一批赞助。1997年10月至1998年10月留学加拿大渥太华大学并进修研讨生中心课程。曾造访英美。迄今中止已在《外语教育与研讨》和《我国翻译》等中心刊物上宣告论文40余篇,其间CSSCI来历期刊文章13篇(根据2006年度CSSCI来历期刊)。主编教材1部,教辅图书1部,参编词典1部,在编专著2部。